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General Science: Biology Quiz (Biomolecules)

General Science: Biology Quiz (Biomolecules)

Instructions:

  1. This quiz contains 20 multiple-choice questions.
  2. Select the most appropriate option for each question.
  3. After selecting an option, click on "NEXT" to move to the next question.
  4. Once you have completed the test, you will see your score and can review your answers.
Result:
1/20
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
Sucrose
Maltose
Starch
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide, which means it cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugar units. It is the most abundant monosaccharide and serves as an essential energy source for living organisms.
2/20
Which type of biomolecule is primarily involved in forming the structural framework of cells?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates, such as cellulose in plants, form the structural framework of cells. They provide rigidity and strength to cell walls, making them crucial for maintaining the shape and integrity of cells.
3/20
Which process is used to prepare glucose from sucrose?
Oxidation
Fermentation
Hydrolysis
Polymerization
Glucose is prepared from sucrose through hydrolysis, which involves breaking the glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose units using water and an acid or enzyme catalyst.
4/20
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Cx(H2O)x
Cx(H2O)2x
Cx(H2O)y
Cx(HO2)y
The general formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y. This reflects their composition as hydrates of carbon, although not all compounds fitting this formula are classified as carbohydrates.
5/20
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Glucose
Lactose
Starch
Cellulose
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose units. It is commonly found in milk and is known as milk sugar. Disaccharides yield two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis.
6/20
What distinguishes a reducing sugar from a non-reducing sugar?
Presence of a hydroxyl group
Ability to reduce Fehling's solution
Formation of glycosidic bonds
Presence of a carboxyl group
Reducing sugars can reduce Fehling's solution and Tollens' reagent due to their free aldehyde or ketone groups. These include all monosaccharides and some disaccharides like maltose and lactose.
7/20
Which component of starch is water-soluble?
Cellulose
Glycogen
Amylose
Amylopectin
Amylose is the water-soluble component of starch. It is a linear polymer of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and constitutes about 15-20% of starch.
8/20
Which type of linkage connects monosaccharides in polysaccharides?
Peptide linkage
Ester linkage
Glycosidic linkage
Phosphodiester linkage
Monosaccharides in polysaccharides are connected by glycosidic linkages, formed through the loss of a water molecule. These linkages create the long chains of monosaccharide units found in polysaccharides like starch and cellulose.
9/20
Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?
Glucose
Fructose
Acetic acid
Sucrose
Acetic acid is not a carbohydrate despite fitting the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Carbohydrates are defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds that yield such units upon hydrolysis, which acetic acid does not.
10/20
Which carbohydrate is also known as milk sugar?
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
Lactose is known as milk sugar because it is the primary sugar found in milk. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose units linked by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond.
11/20
What is the common name for the sugar present in fruits?
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is found in many fruits and honey. It is a monosaccharide and is known for its high sweetness compared to glucose and sucrose.
12/20
Which polysaccharide is the primary storage form of energy in plants?
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Starch is the primary storage form of energy in plants. It is composed of amylose and amylopectin and can be broken down into glucose units for energy during periods of low photosynthesis.
13/20
Which molecule serves as the primary storage form of energy in animals?
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Glycogen is the primary storage form of energy in animals. It is a highly branched polysaccharide stored in the liver and muscles, where it can be rapidly mobilized to meet energy demands.
14/20
Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate in plants?
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Cellulose
Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate in plants, forming the primary component of cell walls. It is a linear polymer of β-glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, providing rigidity and strength to the plant structure.
15/20
Which disaccharide is commonly found in sugar cane and sugar beets?
Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose
Fructose
Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide found in sugar cane and sugar beets. It consists of glucose and fructose units and is widely used as a sweetener in foods and beverages.
16/20
Which type of reaction forms a glycosidic bond?
Oxidation
Dehydration
Reduction
Hydrolysis
A glycosidic bond is formed through a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is released as a hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide and a hydrogen atom from another combine. This forms a bond between the sugar units.
17/20
Which type of biomolecule includes enzymes?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Proteins include enzymes, which are catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates and play crucial roles in metabolism and other cellular processes.
18/20
Which monosaccharide is the primary energy source for the brain?
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
Ribose
Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain. It is essential for brain function, as neurons rely heavily on glucose for energy and cannot efficiently use other forms of energy.
19/20
Which type of polysaccharide is primarily found in the exoskeletons of arthropods?
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans. It is similar to cellulose but contains nitrogen, making it a strong and flexible material.
20/20
Which carbohydrate can be directly used by cells for energy?
Starch
Glycogen
Glucose
Sucrose
Glucose can be directly used by cells for energy. It is metabolized through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
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