General Science: Biology Quiz (Cell: The Unit of Life)

Instructions:

1. This quiz contains 20 multiple-choice questions.
2. Select the most appropriate option for each question.
3. After selecting an option, click on "NEXT" to move to the next question.
4. Once you have completed the test, you will see your score and can review your answers.

Result:

1/20

What is the fundamental unit of life in all living organisms?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Cell

The correct answer is "Cell". Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. They are the smallest units that can carry out all the processes required for life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

2/20

Who first explained that cells arise from pre-existing cells?

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Robert Brown

Rudolf Virchow

Theodore Schwann

The correct answer is "Rudolf Virchow". He first explained that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells, a concept that is fundamental to cell theory. His statement "Omnis cellula e cellula" is a key idea in understanding biological development and growth.

3/20

Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

The correct answer is "Ribosome". Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, translating genetic information from mRNA to form polypeptides and proteins. They can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

4/20

What is the main function of the mitochondria in the cell?

Protein synthesis

Energy production

DNA replication

Photosynthesis

The correct answer is "Energy production". Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. This process is known as cellular respiration.

5/20

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

The correct answer is "Golgi apparatus". The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell. It is essential for processing the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.

6/20

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to prokaryotic cells?

Presence of nucleus

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Presence of mitochondria

Presence of chloroplasts

The correct answer is "Lack of membrane-bound organelles". Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is located in a nucleoid region, and they have simpler structures compared to eukaryotic cells.

7/20

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

Provides structural support

Conducts photosynthesis

Stores genetic information

Synthesizes proteins

The correct answer is "Provides structural support". The cell wall, found in plant cells, provides structural support and protection. It also helps maintain cell shape and prevents excessive water uptake.

8/20

Which cellular structure is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Peroxisome

The correct answer is "Peroxisome". Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, and metabolize fatty acids. They play a crucial role in protecting the cell from oxidative damage.

9/20

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Chloroplast

The correct answer is "Ribosome". Ribosomes are the only organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

10/20

What is the primary function of the lysosomes in animal cells?

Energy production

Protein synthesis

Cell division

Digesting cellular waste

The correct answer is "Digesting cellular waste". Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. They can digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

11/20

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus

The correct answer is "Chloroplast". Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. This process is essential for plant growth and energy production.

12/20

Which molecule serves as the primary energy carrier in cells?

ATP

DNA

RNA

Glucose

The correct answer is "ATP". Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It provides energy for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.

13/20

Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Ribosome

The correct answer is "Nucleus". The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. It controls the cell's growth, metabolism, and reproduction by regulating gene expression.

14/20

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Protein and lipid synthesis

Energy production

Genetic material storage

Photosynthesis

The correct answer is "Protein and lipid synthesis". The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that plays a major role in the production of proteins and lipids. The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

15/20

Which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?

All living things are made of cells

Cells are the basic unit of life

All cells have a nucleus

All cells come from pre-existing cells

The correct answer is "All cells have a nucleus". The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. It does not state that all cells have a nucleus, as prokaryotic cells do not.

16/20

What is the role of the plasma membrane in cells?

Regulates what enters and exits the cell

Produces ATP

Stores genetic information

Synthesizes proteins

The correct answer is "Regulates what enters and exits the cell". The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a selective barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, thereby maintaining the cell's internal environment.

17/20

Which of the following structures is found only in plant cells?

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplasts

The correct answer is "Chloroplasts". Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

18/20

What is the main difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Presence of ribosomes

Location within the cell

Type of lipids synthesized

Size of the organelle

The correct answer is "Presence of ribosomes". The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes on its surface, making it appear rough, and is involved in protein synthesis. The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

19/20

Which cell organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

The correct answer is "Mitochondria". Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy. This process is called cellular respiration.

20/20

What is the main function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Protein synthesis

Energy production

Genetic information storage

Storage and waste disposal

The correct answer is "Storage and waste disposal". Vacuoles in plant cells are large, membrane-bound structures that store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall, which is essential for maintaining the plant's structure and support.

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